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To add more space, use
\, for a thin space \( a \, b\);
\; for a wider space \( a \; b\);
\quad for even wider \( a \quad b\); and
\qquad for extra wide spaces \( a \qquad b\).
To set plain text, use \text{…}: \( \lbrace x \in s \mid x \text{ is extra large} \rbrace \). You can nest $…$ inside of \text{…}.