Jim suggested this text:
> Paulo Perrone, Notes on Category Theory with examples from basic mathematics (2020)
This has a very good introduction for scientists and engineers interested in data-flow approaches. Coincidental that Perrone chooses a rare construction to introduce a composite
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The highlighted text is rare because the units of the inner and outer terms both have to be in radians. I have been using this formulation in the ENSO&QBO Azimuth Forum thread where it comes out of a Navier-Stokes LTE closed-form solution.
This is the composite data-flow:

I mentioned a possible connection to applied Category Theory in this earlier comment:
https://forum.azimuthproject.org/discussion/comment/21098/#Comment_21098
Where else this sin(cos(x)) formulation comes up in is in [Mach-Zehnder modulation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach%E2%80%93Zehnder_interferometer), where the physical data flow is described by a beam splitter, which mathematically transforms into a composite of a sinusoidally modulated inner phase term.
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more detail here: https://geoenergymath.com/2020/03/02/australia-bushfire-causes/